Description
321 / 1.4541 Stainless Steel Sheet
| China * GB | GB24511 | 06Cr18Ni11Ti |
| Japan | JIS | SUS321 |
| United States of America | ASTM | 321 |
| UNS | S32100 | |
| South Korea | KS | STS321 |
| European Union | BSEN | 1.4541 |
| India | IS | 04Cr18Ni10Ti20 |
| Australia | AS | 321 |
| Taiwan, China | CNS | 321 |
| Germany | DIN | X6CrNiTi18-10 |
| United Kingdom | BS970 BS1449 | 321S12 |
| Belgium | BS970Part1 |
General Properties
Alloy 321 (UNS S32100) is titanium stabilized austenitic stainless steel plate with good general corrosion resistance. It has excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion after exposure to temperatures in the chromium carbide precipitation range of 800 – 1500°F (427 – 816°C). The alloy resists oxidation to 1500°F (816°C) and has higher creep and stress rupture properties than alloys 304 and 304L. It also possesses good low temperature toughness.
Alloy 321H (UNS S 32109) stainless steel plate is the higher carbon (0.04 – 0.10) version of the alloy. It was developed for enhanced creep resistance and for higher strength at temperatures above 1000oF (537°C). In most instances, the carbon content of the plate enables dual certification.
Alloy 321 stainless steel plate cannot be hardened by heat treatment, only by cold working. It can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices.
Corrosion Resistance
Alloy 321 stainless steel plate exhibits good general corrosion resistance that is comparable to 304. It was developed for use in the chromium carbide precipitation range of 1800 – 1500°F (427 – 816°C) where un-stabilized alloys such as 304 are subject to intergranular attack.
The alloy can be used in most diluted organic acids at moderate temperatures and in pure phosphoric acid at lower temperatures and up to 10% diluted solutions at elevated temperatures. Alloy 321 resists polythionic acid stress corrosion cracking in hydrocarbon service. It can also be utilized in chloride or fluoride free caustic solutions at moderate temperatures.
Alloy 321 stainless steel plate does not perform well in chloride solutions, even in small concentrations, or in sulfuric acid service.
Chemical Analysis
Weight % (all values are maximum unless a range is otherwise indicated)
| Element | 321 | 321H |
|---|---|---|
| Chromium | 17.00 min.-19.00 max. | 17.00 min.-19.00 max. |
| Nickel | 9.00 min.-12.00 max. | 9.00 min.-12.00 max. |
| Carbon | 0.08 | 0.04 min.-0.14 max. |
| Manganese | 2.00 | 2.00 |
| Phosphorus | 0.045 | 0.045 |
| Sulfur | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Silicon | 0.75 | 0.75 |
| Titanium | 5 x (C + N) min.-0.70 max. | 4 x (C + N) min.-0.70 max. |
| Nitrogen | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| Iron | Balance | Balance |
Physical Properties
Density
0.286 lbs/in3
7.920 g/cm3
Specific Heat
0.12 BTU/lb-°F (32 – 212°F)
444 J/kg-°K (0 – 100°C)
Modulus of Elasticity
28.0 x 106 psi
193 GPa
Thermal Conductivity 200°F (100°C)
9.3 BTU/hr/ft2/ft/°F
16.0 W/m-°K
Melting Range
2550 – 2635°F
1398 – 1446°C
Electrical Resistivity
72 Microhm-cm at 20°F
Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
| Temperature Range | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| °F | °C | in/in °F | cm/cm °C |
| 68-212 | 20-100 | 9.2 x 10-6 | 16.0 x 10-6 |
| 68-1112 | 20-600 | 10.5 x 10-6 | 18.9 x 10-6 |
| 68-1832 | 20-1000 | 11.4 x 10-6 | 20.5 x 10-6 |
Mechanical Properties
Typical Values at 68°F (20°C)
| Yield Strength 0.2% Offset |
Ultimate Tensile Strength |
Elongation in 2 in. |
Hardness | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| psi (min.) | (MPa) | psi (min.) | (MPa) | % (min.) | (max.) |
| 30,000 | 205 | 75,000 | 515 | 40 | 217 Brinell |
Fabrication Data
Alloy 321 stainless steel plate can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices.
Cold Forming
The alloy is quite ductile and forms easily.
Hot Forming
The high sulfur content of Alloy 303 also has a detrimental impact on hot workability. If hot forming is required, once again, 304 should be considered as an alternate selection.
Machining
The cold work hardening rate of 321 stainless steel plate makes it less machinable than 410 stainless steel, but similar to 304. The table below provides relevant machining data.
| Operation | Tool | Lubrication | CONDITIONS | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depth-mm | Depth-in | Feed-mm/t | Feed-in/t | Speed-m/min | Speed-ft/min | |||
| Turning | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 6 | .23 | 0.5 | .019 | 12-16 | 39-52 |
| Turning | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 3 | .11 | 0.4 | .016 | 18-23 | 59-75 |
| Turning | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 1 | .04 | 0.2 | .008 | 23-28 | 75-92 |
| Turning | Carbide | Dry or Cutting Oil | 6 | .23 | 0.5 | .019 | 67-76 | 220-249 |
| Turning | Carbide | Dry or Cutting Oil | 3 | .11 | 0.4 | .016 | 81-90 | 226-295 |
| Turning | Carbide | Dry or Cutting Oil | 1 | .04 | 0.2 | .008 | 99-108 | 325-354 |
| Depth of cut-mm | Depth of cut-in | Feed-mm/t | Feed-in/t | Speed-m/min | Speed-ft/min | |||
| Cutting | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 1.5 | .06 | 0.03-0.05 | .0012-.0020 | 16-21 | 52-69 |
| Cutting | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 3 | .11 | 0.04-0.06 | .0016-.0024 | 17-22 | 56-72 |
| Cutting | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 6 | .23 | 0.05-0.07 | .0020-.0027 | 18-23 | 59-75 |
| Drill ø mm | Drill ø in | Feed-mm/t | Feed-in/t | Speed-m/min | Speed-ft/min | |||
| Drilling | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 1.5 | .06 | 0.02-0.03 | .0007-.0012 | 9-13 | 29-42 |
| Drilling | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 3 | .11 | 0.05-0.06 | .0020-.0024 | 11-15 | 36-49 |
| Drilling | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 6 | .23 | 0.08-0.09 | .0031-.0035 | 11-15 | 36-49 |
| Drilling | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 12 | .48 | 0.09-0.10 | .0035-.0039 | 11-15 | 36-49 |
| Feed-mm/t | Feed-in/t | Speed-m/min | Speed-ft/min | |||||
| Milling Profiling | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 0.05-0.10 | .002-.004 | 11-21 | 36-69 | ||
Welding
Alloy 321 stainless steel plate can be readily welded by most standard processes. A post weld heat treatment is not necessary.
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