The common knowledge of ferrous metals and nonferrous metals and the outline of the method of representation of steel number in China
1. Ferrous metals
Ferrous metals are alloys of iron and iron. Such as steel, pig iron, ferroalloy, cast iron and other elements. Steel and pig iron are based on iron, with carbon as the main element of the alloy, collectively known as iron carbon alloy.
Pig iron refers to iron ore in the blast furnace smelting products, its main role is to make steel and castings.
Cast pig iron is melted in an iron smelting furnace to obtain cast iron (liquid state, iron carbon alloy with carbon content greater than 2.11%). Cast iron in liquid state is made into castings, which are called cast iron parts.
Ferroalloy is composed of iron and silicon, manganese, chromium, titanium and other elements, ferroalloy is one of the raw materials for steelmaking, in steelmaking as deoxidizer and alloy element additives.
The iron carbon alloy with carbon content less than 2.11% is called steel, and the pig iron can be melted in a steelmaking furnace according to a certain process to obtain steel. The series of steel products are ingot, continuous casting billet and direct casting of various steel castings. Usually speaking of steel, generally refers to rolled into a variety of steel steel.
2. Non-ferrous metals
Non-ferrous metals, also known as non-ferrous metals, refer to metals and alloys other than ferrous metals, such as copper, zinc, aluminum and aluminum alloys and bearing alloys. In addition to the industrial use of chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, vanadium, tungsten, titanium and other elements, these metals are mainly used as alloy additions, in order to improve the performance of the metal, tungsten, titanium, molybdenum and other more is used in the production of carbide tools. These non-ferrous metals are called industrial metals, in addition to precious metals: platinum, gold, silver and rare metals, including radioactive uranium, radium and so on.
3. Outline of the representation method of steel number in China
The product brand number is generally expressed by combining Chinese pinyin letters, chemical element symbols and Arabic numerals. That is:
① Chemical elements in steel numbers are represented by international chemical symbols, such as Si, Mn, Cr… And so on. Mixed rare earth elements are denoted by “RE” (or “Xt”).
(2) Product name, use, smelting and pouring method, generally using the Abbreviation of Chinese pinyin.
③ The content of main chemical elements in steel (%) is expressed in Arabic numerals.
In the use of Chinese phonetic alphabet to indicate the product name, use, characteristics and process methods, usually from the Chinese phonetic alphabet on behalf of the product name to choose the first letter. When it is the same as the letter chosen by another product, the second letter or the third letter can be used, or even the first pinyin letter in two Chinese characters can be selected at the same time.
If there are no available Chinese characters and Chinese pinyin, the symbols shall be English letters.